Vault Door Key Features
Engineering and construction details that deliver certified burglary resistance
UL 608 Tested and Certified
Independent testing at UL-accredited laboratories verifies compliance with burglary resistance standards. Complete assembly certification with documentation.
- Independent UL laboratory testing
- UL certification label
- Insurance documentation
Steel-Concrete Composite Core
Proprietary steel-concrete composite construction defeats both mechanical and thermal attacks. 30-40% lighter than solid steel with equivalent protection.
- High-strength concrete formula
- Multi-layer construction
- Weight-optimized design
Multi-Point Locking System
5 to 20 hardened steel locking bolts distribute pry-attack forces across the entire door perimeter. 4-sided bolt coverage on high-security models.
- 1.5"+ bolt diameter
- 4-sided bolt coverage
- Precision mechanism
Multiple Relocker Security
Glass, thermal, and mechanical relockers trigger during attack attempts, creating permanent lockout condition. Protects all lock components.
- Multiple relocker types
- Strategic positioning
- Permanent lockout
Anti-Drill Hard Plate
Manganese hard plates destroy carbide drill bits on contact. Overlapping coverage at all lock locations integrated with relocker activation.
- Destroys drill bits
- Overlapping coverage
- Relocker integration
Heavy-Gauge Reinforced Frame
1/2-inch minimum steel plate frames with continuous welded construction. Reinforced anchor points and sealed frame-to-wall interface.
- Continuous welded assembly
- Reinforced anchor points
- Sealed interface
Optional Fire Resistance
Integrated fire ratings from 1 to 4 hours meeting UL 72 standards. Intumescent seals expand under heat to block flame and smoke.
- UL 72 / UBC 7-2 compliant
- Intumescent seal technology
- Combined protection
Architectural Finish Options
Multiple finishes to complement any environment: powder coating, stainless steel cladding, brushed metal, or wood veneer overlays.
- Powder coating colors
- Stainless steel cladding
- Wood veneer options
Vault Door Security Ratings
Understanding UL 608 classifications and selecting the right protection level
UL 608 is the industry standard for vault door burglary resistance, establishing test protocols that measure how long a door withstands sustained attack using specified tools. The rating system classifies vault doors by attack time and tool type, allowing security consultants, insurance underwriters, and facility managers to specify appropriate protection levels.
Class M (TL-15)
15 Minutes Attack Resistance
Net working time against mechanical and electric tools applied to the door face.
Tool Types
- Common hand tools
- Electric drills (1/2" capacity)
- Carbide-tipped drills
- Pry bars and sledgehammers
Typical Applications
Class 1 (TL-30)
30 Minutes Attack Resistance
Net working time against mechanical and electric tools applied to the door face.
Tool Types
- All Class M tools plus:
- Hydraulic spreaders
- Power saws with carbide blades
- Heavy-duty grinding tools
Typical Applications
Class 2 (TRTL-30)
60 min (tools) / 30 min (torch)
Extended attack duration with thermal attack tools permitted.
Tool Types
- All Class 1 tools plus:
- Oxy-acetylene cutting torches
- Thermal lances
- Impact tools and pneumatic devices
Typical Applications
Class 3 (TRTL-60)
120 min (tools) / 60 min (torch)
Maximum standard UL rating with extended thermal and mechanical attack resistance.
Tool Types
- All Class 2 tools plus:
- Extended duration torch application
- Multiple simultaneous attack methods
- Specialized penetration equipment
Typical Applications
Special Ratings
TRTL-30x6
Torch and tool resistant for 30 minutes with testing on all six sides of the door assembly.
Critical for modular vault installations
TXTL-60
Tool, torch, and explosive resistant for 60 minutes.
High-threat environments requiring explosive attack resistance
Selecting the Right Vault Door Class
| Factor | Guidance |
|---|---|
| Asset Value | Higher asset concentrations justify higher security class ratings. Consult with insurance underwriters. |
| Response Time | Vault door rating should exceed expected police/security response time by a safety margin. |
| Location Factors | Remote facilities and limited surveillance may require higher ratings than urban locations. |
| Regulatory Requirements | Financial institutions, pharmaceutical facilities often have mandated minimum ratings. |
| Insurance Requirements | Insurance carriers specify minimum ratings based on coverage amounts and risk assessment. |
Technical Specifications
Technical specifications and dimensional options for commercial vault door assemblies
Standard Sizes
| Model | Clear Opening | Overall Frame | Suitable For |
|---|---|---|---|
| VD-3070 | 30" x 70" | 36" x 76" | Personnel passage, small vault rooms |
| VD-3680 | 36" x 80" | 42" x 86" | Standard vault entry, ADA compliant |
| VD-4284 | 42" x 84" | 48" x 90" | Large vault entry, cart passage |
| VD-4884 | 48" x 84" | 54" x 90" | Wide passage, pallet access |
| VD-6084 | 60" x 84" | 66" x 90" | Double-wide entry, equipment access |
Specifications by Security Class
| Specification | Class M | Class 1 | Class 2 | Class 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attack Resistance | 15 minutes | 30 minutes | 60 minutes | 120 minutes |
| Door Thickness | 4" - 5" | 5" - 6" | 6" - 8" | 8" - 12" |
| Frame Depth | 6" | 8" | 10" | 12" |
| Outer Steel Plate | 10-gauge | 1/4" plate | 3/8" plate | 1/2" plate |
| Hard Plate | 1/4" manganese | 3/8" manganese | 1/2" manganese | 3/4" manganese |
| Number of Bolts | 5-8 | 8-12 | 12-16 | 16-20 |
| Bolt Diameter | 1" | 1.25" | 1.5" | 1.75" |
| Relockers | 3 | 5 | 7 | 10 |
| Door Weight (36"x80") | 800-1,200 lbs | 1,500-2,500 lbs | 3,000-4,500 lbs | 5,000-8,000 lbs |
| Floor Load Required | 150 PSF | 250 PSF | 400 PSF | 600 PSF |
| Fire Rating (Optional) | 1-hour | 1-2 hour | 2-4 hour | 4-hour |
| Dual Control | Optional | Optional | Standard | Standard |
| Time Lock | Optional | Standard | Standard | Standard |
Lock Configuration Options
Mechanical Combination Lock
S&G or equivalent UL Group 1R mechanical dial combination lock
Standard on all modelsElectronic Keypad Lock
UL Type 1 high-security electronic lock with audit trail
Optional upgradeDual Combination Control
Two combination locks requiring both to open (four-hands protocol)
Required for Class 2 & 3Time Lock
3-movement 144-hour time lock preventing opening before preset time
Standard on Class 1, 2, 3Biometric Scanner
Fingerprint or multi-factor biometric authentication
Optional upgradeAvailable Certifications
Custom Options Available
Non-standard door sizes up to 8' x 10', emergency escape mechanisms, access control integration, remote monitoring, custom finishes, day gate integration, and vestibule configurations. Contact engineering team for custom specifications.
Vault Door Construction & Materials
Advanced materials and engineering that deliver certified burglary resistance
Vault door construction combines multiple specialized materials in a layered system designed to defeat different attack methods. Each material contributes specific protective properties, and the combination creates protection far exceeding any single material alone.
Construction Layers
Outer Face Sheet
Cold-Rolled Steel Plate (10-gauge to 1/2" plate depending on security class)
Anti-Drill Barrier
Manganese Hard Plate (1/4" to 3/4") + Ceramic Ball Bearing Matrix
Composite Core
High-Strength Concrete (2" to 6") with Steel Reinforcement + Copper Alloy Flakes
Fire Insulation (Optional)
Fire-Resistant Gypsum Board (1" to 2") + Intumescent Seal
Inner Face Sheet
Cold-Rolled Steel Plate (12-gauge to 3/8" plate)
Frame Assembly Construction
The vault door frame is engineered to match or exceed the door protection level, ensuring no weak points around the door perimeter.
Frame Body
1/4" to 3/4" steel plate, welded box construction
Frame Fill
High-strength concrete or composite material
Anchor System
3/4" to 1" diameter, minimum 8 anchor points
Seal System
Security caulking and weather seal
Available Surface Finishes
Factory Primer
Red oxide or gray primer
Powder Coating
Standard RAL colors
Stainless Steel
304 SS face panels
Brushed Metal
Directional satin finish
Wood Veneer
Real wood over steel
Material Quality Standards
| Standard | Description | Application |
|---|---|---|
| ASTM A36 | Carbon structural steel specification | Primary steel plates and frame components |
| ASTM A514 | High-yield, quenched and tempered alloy steel | Hard plate and high-strength components |
| ACI 318 | Building code requirements for structural concrete | Concrete core formulation and reinforcement |
| AWS D1.1 | Structural welding code for steel | All welded connections and frame assembly |
Vault Door Locking Systems
Multi-layer locking technologies providing defense-in-depth security
Vault door locking systems employ multiple independent security mechanisms working together to prevent unauthorized access. This defense-in-depth approach ensures that defeating any single security element does not compromise overall protection.
Primary Lock Types
Mechanical Combination
Time-tested dial locks remain standard due to reliability and electronic attack resistance.
- UL Group 1R rating (20 man-hours)
- No electronic components to fail
- 25+ years service life
Electronic Keypad
Rapid access and audit trail capabilities meeting UL Type 1 standards.
- Up to 99 user codes
- 1,000+ event audit trail
- Time delay functions (1-99 min)
Biometric Systems
Fingerprint and multi-factor authentication with positive identification.
- False accept rate <0.001%
- Live finger detection
- 50-500 user enrollment
Dual Control (Two-Person) Locking
Dual control systems require two authorized individuals to open the vault, preventing any single person from accessing vault contents alone.
Dual Combination Lock
Two separate combination locks, each with unique combination, both required to open
Split Knowledge Electronic
Single electronic lock requiring two partial codes entered by different individuals
Dual Biometric
Biometric lock requiring two registered fingerprints from different individuals
Time Lock Systems
Mechanical Time Lock
Spring-driven clock movements that physically block lock operation until preset time.
- 3-movement redundancy
- 144-hour maximum lockout
- No electronics to fail or bypass
Electronic Time Lock
Programmable electronic time delay integrated with primary lock.
- Multiple time windows per day
- Holiday scheduling
- Remote program changes
Bolt Work Mechanisms
The bolt work system transfers lock release into physical door security through multiple hardened steel locking bolts.
Relocker Security
Relockers are secondary locking mechanisms that trigger during attack attempts, permanently locking the vault door.
Shatters upon drilling/impact
Triggers from torch heat
Triggers on displacement
Building System Integration
Electric Strike
Remote release control
Position Switch
Door open/closed status
Access Control
Wiegand / OSDP output
Remote Monitoring
Cellular/network status
Vault Door Applications
Industry-specific vault door solutions for diverse high-security requirements
Vault doors serve critical asset protection needs across financial, commercial, government, and specialized industries. Each application presents unique security challenges that influence door specification, security class selection, and feature requirements.
Banks & Financial Institutions
Financial institutions represent the traditional vault door application with well-established protection requirements and regulatory oversight. Modern installations incorporate dual-control locking, time locks, and alarm integration.
Security Requirements
- UL Class 1 minimum for community banks
- Dual-control (two-person) locking mandatory
- Time lock preventing after-hours opening
Jewelry & Precious Metals
Concentrated high-value inventory requires vault protection defeating both smash-and-grab and extended covert attacks. Torch resistance is critical for precious metals protection.
Security Requirements
- TRTL-30 or higher for torch resistance
- Audit trail electronic locks
- Day gate for business-hours control
Pharmaceutical & Cannabis
Strict DEA regulatory requirements mandate specific vault construction standards. Electronic locks provide access documentation for compliance audits.
Security Requirements
- UL Class M (TL-15) per DEA 1301.72
- UL Group 1R lock required
- Electronic audit lock for documentation
Government & Military
Federal specifications often exceed commercial UL standards. GSA-approved vault doors for classified storage must meet additional attack resistance requirements.
Security Requirements
- GSA-approved per AA-V-2737
- ICD 705 compliance for SCIFs
- X-09 or X-10 GSA-approved locks
Safe Rooms
Safe room applications prioritize protecting people with emergency egress capability. Interior panic hardware allows exit even when locked from outside.
Security Requirements
- Interior emergency release required
- Ventilation provisions
- Optional ballistic rating
Data Centers
Data centers require combined burglary and fire protection with detailed access logs supporting SOC 2, HIPAA, and PCI-DSS compliance.
Security Requirements
- Combined burglary and fire rating
- Access control with audit logging
- Cable penetration provisions
Application Selection Factors
Regulatory Requirements
Verify DEA, GSA, state, or insurance requirements before specification.
Asset Value Concentration
Higher asset values justify higher security class ratings.
Threat Assessment
Local crime patterns and response time influence protection level.
Operational Requirements
Access frequency and authorized users affect lock selection.
Life Safety
Occupied spaces require emergency egress capability.
Customization Options
Configure vault doors to meet specific security, dimensional, and aesthetic requirements
Every vault installation presents unique requirements based on security needs, building constraints, and operational preferences. Euwoo vault doors are manufactured to order, allowing extensive customization of dimensions, security features, lock configurations, and finishes.
Dimensional Customization
Custom Door Sizes
24" x 60" up to 96" x 120"
+2-4 weeks lead timeCustom Frame Depth
6" to 24" to match wall thickness
Standard optionSwing Direction
Left/right hand, inswing/outswing
Standard optionDouble Door Config
Paired doors for wide openings
+3-4 weeks lead timeSecurity Class Selection
TL-15 | 15 min
Base pricingTL-30 | 30 min
Mid tierTRTL-30 | 60 min
PremiumTRTL-60 | 120 min
MaximumLock Configuration
Single Mechanical
Group 1R dial lock
StandardSingle Electronic
UL Type 1 with audit
UpgradeDual Mechanical
Two-person control
UpgradeMech + Electronic
Redundant technology
PremiumBiometric System
Fingerprint + PIN
PremiumTime Lock Addition
3-movement/electronic
UpgradeAdditional Security Features
Fire Rating
1-hour to 4-hour ratings (UL 72)
Ballistic Rating
UL 752 Level 1 through Level 8
Day Gate Integration
Swing, sliding, or scissor gate
Emergency Egress
Interior panic bar/turn knob
Custom Vault Door Ordering Process
Consultation
Discuss requirements
Site Survey
Optional measurement
Specification
Engineering drawings
Quotation
Detailed pricing
Manufacturing
Quality production
Delivery
Installation support
Typical Lead Times
| Configuration | Lead Time |
|---|---|
| Standard sizes with standard options | 6-8 weeks |
| Custom sizes with standard options | 8-10 weeks |
| Custom configuration with special features | 10-14 weeks |
| GSA or special certification requirements | 12-16 weeks |
Vault Door Installation
Professional installation requirements and procedures for vault door assemblies
IMPORTANT: Professional Installation Required
Vault doors weigh 800 to 8,000+ pounds and require specialized lifting equipment, certified rigging personnel, and precision installation techniques. Improper installation can void warranty, compromise security ratings, and create serious safety hazards. Always use qualified vault door installers.
Pre-Installation Site Requirements
Floor Load Capacity
Verify floor structure can support vault door weight plus installation equipment loads.
Opening Preparation
Vault opening must be constructed to proper dimensions with structural support.
- Rough Opening: Frame OD + 1/2" clearance
- Squareness: Diagonals within 1/4"
- Plumb: Within 1/8" over height
Access Path
Clear path from delivery point to installation location.
- Corridors accommodate door dimensions
- Floor surfaces support rolling loads
- Elevator capacity verified if needed
Electrical Provisions
Connections for electronic locks, monitoring, and access control.
- Low-voltage wiring conduit to lock
- Alarm panel connection
- Backup power provisions
Installation Procedure
Receiving & Inspection
Verify shipment contents, inspect for damage, stage components near installation location.
Duration: 1-2 hoursFrame Installation
Position frame, level and plumb, install temporary bracing, drill anchors, torque to spec, apply grout/caulking.
Duration: 2-4 hoursDoor Hanging
Lift door with certified rigging equipment, align hinges, install hinge pins, verify swing clearance.
Duration: 2-4 hours | Requires certified rigging personnelLock Installation & Adjustment
Install combination/electronic locks, set initial combinations, configure time lock, verify relocker positions.
Duration: 2-4 hoursFinal Adjustment & Testing
Verify door closure, bolt engagement, test locks multiple times, check alarm contacts, clean surfaces.
Duration: 1-2 hoursOwner Training & Documentation
Review procedures, demonstrate combination changing, provide manuals and certification documents.
Duration: 1 hourInstallation Service Options
Installation Supervision
Euwoo technician supervises your installation crew.
- Pre-installation verification
- Technical guidance
- Lock programming
- Owner training
Full Installation
RecommendedComplete installation by certified team.
- All equipment & personnel
- Complete installation
- Alarm system connection
- Full documentation
Guidance Only
Technical support for qualified contractors.
- Installation manual
- Engineering drawings
- Phone support
- Remote lock assistance
Installation Requirements for Warranty
- Installation by qualified personnel
- Proper anchoring with documented torque
- Level and plumb within tolerances
- Lock installation per manufacturer
- Completed checklist with photos
- Registration within 30 days
Vault Door Comparison
Compare security classes, features, and specifications to select the right vault door
Security Class Comparison
| Feature | Class M (TL-15) | Class 1 (TL-30) | Class 2 (TRTL-30) | Class 3 (TRTL-60) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attack Resistance | 15 minutes | 30 minutes | 60 min / 30 min torch | 120 min / 60 min torch |
| Tool Resistance | Hand & electric tools | Hand & electric tools | Tools + cutting torch | Tools + cutting torch |
| Door Thickness | 4" - 5" | 5" - 6" | 6" - 8" | 8" - 12" |
| Number of Bolts | 5-8 bolts | 8-12 bolts | 12-16 bolts | 16-20 bolts |
| Bolt Coverage | 3-sided | 3-sided standard | 4-sided | 4-sided |
| Relockers | 3 | 5 | 7 | 10 |
| Dual Control | Optional | Optional | Standard | Standard |
| Time Lock | Optional | Standard | Standard | Standard |
| Door Weight (36"x80") | 800-1,200 lbs | 1,500-2,500 lbs | 3,000-4,500 lbs | 5,000-8,000 lbs |
| Typical Uses | Pharmaceutical, small retail | Banks, jewelry, government | Major financial, precious metals | Federal Reserve, depositories |
| Relative Cost | $ | $$ | $$$ | $$$$ |
| Lead Time | 6-8 weeks | 8-10 weeks | 10-12 weeks | 12-16 weeks |
Vault Door vs. Safe Room Door
| Feature | Vault Door | Safe Room |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Purpose | Protect assets | Protect people |
| Emergency Egress | Not standard | Required |
| Ventilation | Not required | Required |
| Time Lock | Common | Not appropriate |
| Swing Direction | Outswing | Inswing available |
Vault Door vs. High-Security Steel Door
| Feature | Vault Door | Steel Door |
|---|---|---|
| Rating Standard | UL 608 Class M-3 | EN 1627 typically |
| Attack Resistance | 15-120 minutes | 3-20 minutes |
| Construction | Steel-concrete composite | Steel with reinforcement |
| Weight | 800-8,000+ lbs | 200-800 lbs |
| Best For | High-value assets | General security |
Recommendations by Application
Pharmaceutical DEA
Class M (TL-15)
Meets DEA 1301.72 at lowest cost
Community Bank
Class 1 (TL-30)
Standard financial institution spec
Jewelry Store
Class 2 (TRTL-30)
Torch resistance for precious metals
Major Financial
Class 3 (TRTL-60)
Maximum protection for high assets
Frequently Asked Questions
Common questions about vault door selection, specifications, and installation
What UL class vault door do I need for my bank or financial institution?
Most community banks and credit unions specify UL Class 1 (TL-30) vault doors, which provide 30 minutes of tool attack resistance and meet standard insurance requirements. Regional banks with larger deposit bases often upgrade to Class 2 (TRTL-30) for additional torch resistance. The specific requirement depends on your insurance carrier's underwriting guidelines, the value of assets stored, and your facility's security response time. Many financial institutions also require time locks and dual-control (two-person) locking, which are standard on Class 1 and higher doors.
What is the difference between TL and TRTL vault door ratings?
TL (Tool) ratings measure resistance to mechanical and electric tool attacks only, while TRTL (Tool and Torch) ratings include resistance to cutting torches in addition to tools. A TL-30 door must resist tool attack for 30 minutes, while a TRTL-30 door must resist combined tool and torch attack for 30 minutes. TRTL-rated doors incorporate additional materials designed to defeat torch attacks, including copper alloy dispersions in the concrete core. For most financial institution applications, TL ratings are sufficient, but jewelry stores and precious metals dealers often benefit from TRTL protection.
How much does a commercial vault door weigh?
Vault door weight varies significantly by security class and size. A standard 36" x 80" Class M door weighs 800-1,200 pounds, while the same size in Class 3 weighs 5,000-8,000 pounds. Floor load requirements range from 150 PSF for Class M to 600 PSF for Class 3. Before ordering, verify your floor structure can support both the distributed load of the installed door and concentrated point loads during installation. For installations above ground level, structural engineering review is strongly recommended.
Can a vault door be installed in an existing building?
Yes, vault doors are regularly installed in existing buildings and retrofit applications. Key considerations include: access path from building exterior accommodating door dimensions and weight, existing vault opening properly prepared, floor structure supporting door weight, and anchoring provisions compatible with wall construction. Retrofit installations may require creative logistics including temporary wall removal or crane access. Our team can conduct site surveys for challenging retrofit situations.
What maintenance does a vault door require?
Monthly maintenance includes exercising the lock through several cycles, inspecting door seal and weatherstripping, and verifying smooth bolt work operation. Annual maintenance should include professional lock servicing, inspection of relocker mechanisms, time lock accuracy verification, and frame anchoring assessment. Mechanical combination locks should be serviced every 2-3 years. Electronic locks require battery replacement every 2-3 years. We recommend establishing a maintenance contract with a qualified safe and vault service company.
How long does it take to manufacture and deliver a vault door?
Standard lead times range from 6-8 weeks for Class M doors with standard options to 12-16 weeks for Class 3 doors or GSA certification configurations. Custom sizes, special lock configurations, and combined fire/ballistic ratings may add 2-4 weeks. Lead times begin from order confirmation. We recommend beginning the specification and ordering process at least 3-4 months before your required installation date.
What is dual-control locking and when is it required?
Dual-control locking requires two authorized individuals to open the vault, preventing any single person from accessing vault contents alone. This is typically implemented through two separate combination locks or split-knowledge electronic systems. Dual-control is required by banking regulations for many financial institution vaults, mandated by insurance carriers for high-value installations, and specified for certain government applications. Dual-control locks are standard on Class 2 and Class 3 doors and optional on Class M and Class 1.
Can vault doors include fire protection ratings?
Yes, vault doors are available with integrated fire ratings from 1 hour to 4 hours, meeting UL 72 fire test standards. Fire-rated vault doors incorporate intumescent seals that expand when heated to block smoke and flame penetration, plus internal insulation limiting heat transfer. The fire rating is achieved through the same concrete composite construction providing burglary resistance. Adding fire rating increases door thickness and weight, so verify floor load capacity.
Do you offer vault doors for safe rooms with emergency egress?
Yes, we manufacture vault doors with interior emergency release mechanisms specifically designed for safe room applications. These doors include interior panic hardware or turn-knob releases allowing exit regardless of exterior lock status. They can be configured as inswing to prevent attackers from blocking the door open. Safe room configurations also accommodate ventilation penetrations and communication system connections. Note that emergency egress hardware reduces overall security compared to standard vault doors.
What DEA vault requirements apply to pharmaceutical storage?
DEA regulation 21 CFR 1301.72 requires Schedule II-V controlled substances be stored in a vault meeting specific standards. The vault door must conform to Class M (TL-15) UL rating minimum with locks meeting Group 1R standards (20 man-hours manipulation resistance). Electronic locks must be UL Type 1 rated if used. The vault must also have an alarm system meeting specific requirements. State pharmacy boards may impose additional requirements. We manufacture vault doors specifically configured for DEA compliance.
What happens if I forget the vault door combination?
If a combination is forgotten, a certified safe technician can manipulate or drill the lock to gain access. This is a time-consuming and expensive process (often $1,000-5,000+ depending on lock type and security class). We recommend maintaining combination records in a secure off-site location such as a safe deposit box at another institution. To minimize lockout risk, maintain regular lock servicing and keep backup combination records secure but accessible.
How do I get a quote for a vault door?
To receive an accurate quotation, please provide: desired security class rating, clear opening dimensions required, lock configuration preference, any additional ratings needed (fire, ballistic), finish preference, installation location, and required delivery timeframe. Submit through our website quote request form, email our sales team, or call to discuss your requirements. Budgetary estimates can typically be provided within 24-48 hours; detailed quotations with engineering drawings require 5-7 business days. Volume pricing is available.